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Arsenic in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: current status and future research

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 45-52 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0117-y

摘要:

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. In past decades, intensive studies on the biology and treatment of this disease have resulted in a remarkably thorough understanding of its pathogenesis and improvement of treatment outcomes. In particular, the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid to conventional chemotherapy improved dramatically the remission and survival rates of APL patients and consequently became the major treatment modality for it. In the last decade, the groundbreaking development of arsenic further improved the survival rate of APL patients. As the most active agent in APL, arsenic directly degrades the PML-RARα fusion transcript, leading to the differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells and the potential eradication of APL leukemia-initiating cells (LICs), thus making the disease a potentially curable type of leukemia. More notably, the recent development of oral arsenic compounds may further enhance not only clinical outcomes but also the convenience of patients, which may dramatically change the APL clinical scenario in the near future.

关键词: acute promyelocytic leukemia     arsenic     all-trans retinoic acid     survival    

Predictive values of plasma TNFα and IL-8 for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute promyelocyticleukemia

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 909-918 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0890-1

摘要: In patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), if not identified promptly, could be fatal. It is the leading cause of failure of induction and early death. Thus, biomarkers that could promptly predict severe complications are critical. Here, cytokine differences between patients with APL with and without ICH were investigated to develop predictive models for this complication. The initial cytokine profiling using plasma samples from 39 patients and 18 healthy donors found a series of cytokines that were remarkedly different between patients with APL and healthy controls. The APL patients were subsequently divided into high and low white blood cell count groups. Results showed that tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were vital in distinguishing patients with APL who did or did not develop ICH. In addition, verification in 81 patients with APL demonstrated that the two cytokines were positively correlated with the cumulative incidence of ICH. Finally, in-vitro and in-vivo experimental evidence were provided to show that IL-8 influenced the migration of APL-derived NB4 cells and impaired the blood–brain barrier in PML/RARα positive blast-transplanted FVB/NJ mice. These assessments may facilitate the early warning of ICH and reduce future mortality levels in APL.

关键词: acute promyelocytic leukemia     intracranial hemorrhage     cytokines     biomarker    

Current treatment strategy of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Jianqing Mi

《医学前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 341-347 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0169-z

摘要: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The prognosis of APL has changed from the worst among the AMLs to currently the best. The application of all- retinoic acid (ATRA) in the induction therapy of APL decreases the high mortality of newly diagnosed patients, thereby significantly improving the response rate. ATRA combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy is the current standard treatment, and for high-risk patients, high doses cytarabine have a beneficial effect on relapse prevention. In recent years, the indications of arsenic trioxide (ATO) therapy for APL have been extended from the salvage therapy for relapse patients to the first-line treatment of APL. The introduction of both ATRA and ATO represents great achievements in translational medicine. In this review article, we discuss the therapeutic strategies for this disease, including the initial approaches to newly diagnosed patients, prevention, and treatment of side effects and relapse to ensure the best and timely treatment for each newly diagnosed APL patient.

关键词: acute promyelocytic leukemia     all-trans retinoic acid     arsenic trioxide    

network analysis of plasma proteins/metabolites correlated with pathogenesis and therapeutic response in acutepromyelocytic leukemia

《医学前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1022-x

摘要: The treatment of PML/RARA+ acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide (ATRA/ATO) has been recognized as a model for translational medicine research. Though an altered microenvironment is a general cancer hallmark, how APL blasts shape their plasma composition is poorly understood. Here, we reported a cross-sectional correlation network to interpret multilayered datasets on clinical parameters, proteomes, and metabolomes of paired plasma samples from patients with APL before or after ATRA/ATO induction therapy. Our study revealed the two prominent features of the APL plasma, suggesting a possible involvement of APL blasts in modulating plasma composition. One was characterized by altered secretory protein and metabolite profiles correlating with heightened proliferation and energy consumption in APL blasts, and the other featured APL plasma-enriched proteins or enzymes catalyzing plasma-altered metabolites that were potential trans-regulatory targets of PML/RARA. Furthermore, results indicated heightened interferon-gamma signaling characterizing a tumor-suppressing function of the immune system at the first hematological complete remission stage, which likely resulted from therapy-induced cell death or senescence and ensuing supraphysiological levels of intracellular proteins. Overall, our work sheds new light on the pathophysiology and treatment of APL and provides an information-rich reference data cohort for the exploratory and translational study of leukemia microenvironment.

关键词: acute promyelocytic leukemia     plasma proteomics     plasma metabolomics     cross-sectional correlation network     pathogenesis     treatment    

Repression of CDKN2C caused by PML/RARα binding promotes the proliferation and differentiation block in acutepromyelocytic leukemia

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 420-429 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0478-3

摘要:

Inappropriate cell proliferation during oncogenesis is often accompanied by inactivation of components involved in the cell cycle machinery. Here, we report that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C (CDKN2C) as a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is a target of the PML/RARα oncofusion protein in leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We found that CDKN2C was markedly downregulated in APL blasts compared with normal promyelocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PML/RARα directly bound to the CDKN2C promoter in the APL patient-derived cell line NB4. Luciferase assays indicated that PML/RARα inhibited the CDKN2C promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all-trans retinoic acid treatment induced CDKN2C expression by releasing the PML/RARα binding on chromatin in NB4 cells. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of CDKN2C induced a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and a partial differentiation in NB4 cells. Finally, the transcriptional regulation of CDKN2C was validated in primary APL patient samples. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of CDKN2C inactivation in the abnormal cell cycle progression and differentiation block of APL cells and may provide new insights into the study of pathogenesis and targeted therapy of APL.

关键词: CDKN2C     acute promyelocytic leukemia     cell cycle arrest     differentiation    

upregulated by PML/RARα fusion protein and promotes plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis and matrix invasion in acutepromyelocytic leukemia

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 410-422 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0527-6

摘要:

Aberrant expression of annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer (AIIt) associated with PML/RARα fusion protein causes lethal hyperfibrinolysis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the mechanism is unclear. To facilitate the investigation of regulatory association between ANXA2 and promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor a (PML/RARα) fusion protein, this work was performed to determine the transcription start site of ANXA2 promoter with rapid amplification of 5′-cDNA ends analysis. Zinc-induced U937/PR9 cells expressed PML/RARα fusion protein, and resultant increases in ANXA2 transcripts and translational expressions of both ANXA2 and S100A10, while S100A10 transcripts remained constitutive. The transactivation of ANXA2 promoter by PML/RARα fusion protein was 3.29±0.13 fold higher than that by control pSG5 vector or wild-type RARα. The overexpression of ANXA2 in U937 transfected with full-length ANXA2 cDNA was associated with increased S100A10 subunit, although S100A10 transcripts remained constitutive. The tPA-dependent initial rate of plasmin generation (IRPG) in zinc-treated U937/PR9 increased by 2.13-fold, and cell invasiveness increased by 27.6%. Antibodies against ANXA2, S100A10, or combination of both all remarkably inhibited the IRPG and invasiveness in U937/PR9 and NB4. Treatment of zinc-induced U937/PR9 or circulating APL blasts with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly reduced cell surface ANXA2 and S100A10 and associated reductions in IRPG and invasiveness. Thus, PML/RARα fusion protein transactivated the ANXA2 promoter to upregulate ANXA2 and accumulate S100A10. Increased AIIt promoted IRPG and invasiveness, both of which were partly abolished by antibodies against ANXA2 and S100A10 or by ATRA.

关键词: annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer     PML/RARα fusion protein     plasmin     cell invasion     acute promyelocytic leukemia    

Molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia: A diverse disease with new perspectives

Felicitas THOL, Arnold GANSER

《医学前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 356-362 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0220-5

摘要: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very heterogeneous neoplasm of the hematopoietic stem cell. Despite important achievements in the treatment of AML, the long term survival of patients with the disease remains poor. Understanding the pathogenesis of AML better is crucial for finding new treatment approaches. During AML development hematopoietic precursor cells undergo clonal transformation in a multistep process through acquisition of chromosomal rearrangements and/or different gene mutations. Over recent years, novel gene mutations have been found in patients with AML. These mutations can be divided into two important categories, class I mutations that confer a proliferation advantage and class II mutations that inhibit myeloid differentiation. Screening for some of these mutations is now part of the initial diagnostic work-up in newly diagnosed AML patients. Information about the mutation status of specific genes is useful for risk-stratification, minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring and increasingly also for targeted therapy, especially for patients with cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML). Besides chromosomal rearrangements and gene mutations, epigenetic regulation of genes – meaning changes in gene expression by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence – also represents an important mechanism of leukemogenesis. This article reviews some of the most common mutations in CN-AML and gives a perspective of the translation of these discoveries from bench to bedside.

关键词: acute myeloid leukemia     mutations     risk stratification    

BRD4 interacts with PML/RARα in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Qun Luo, Wanglong Deng, Haiwei Wang, Huiyong Fan, Ji Zhang

《医学前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 726-734 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0604-x

摘要: Bromodomain-containing 4 (BRD4) has been considered as an important requirement for disease maintenance and an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. This protein can be targeted by JQ1, a selective small-molecule inhibitor. However, few studies have investigated whether BRD4 influenced acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and whether BRD4 had interaction with promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α (PML/RARα) fusion protein to some extent. Results from cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, and Annexin-V/PI analysis indicated that JQ1 inhibited the growth of NB4 cells, an APL-derived cell line, and induced NB4 cell cycle arrest at G1 and apoptosis. Then, we used co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay and immunoblot to demonstrate the endogenous interaction of BRD4 and PML/RARα in NB4 cells. Moreover, downregulation of PML/RARα at the mRNA and protein levels was observed upon JQ1 treatment. Furthermore, results from the RT-qPCR, ChIP-qPCR, and re-ChIP-qPCR assays showed that BRD4 and PML/RARα co-existed on the same regulatory regions of their target genes. Hence, we showed a new discovery of the interaction of BRD4 and PML/RARα, as well as the decline of PML/RARα expression, under JQ1 treatment.

关键词: BRD4     PML/RARα     APL     interaction    

FGF13 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by regulating bone marrow niches

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 896-908 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0944-z

摘要: Fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancer types, suggesting its essential role in tumorigenesis. Hence, we aimed to explore its definite role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and emphasize its associations with bone marrow niches. Results showed that FGF13 was lowly expressed in patients with AML and that its elevated expression was related to prolonged overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified FGF13 as an independent prognostic factor. A prognostic nomogram integrating FGF13 and clinicopathologic variables was constructed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS. Gene mutation and functional analyses indicated that FGF13 was not associated with AML driver mutations but was related to bone marrow niches. As for immunity, FGF13 was remarkably associated with T cell count, immune checkpoint genes, and cytokines. In addition, FGF13 overexpression substantially inhibited the growth and significantly induced the early apoptosis of AML cells. The xenograft study indicated that FGF13 overexpression prolonged the survival of recipient mice. Overall, FGF13 could serve as an independent prognostic factor for AML, and it was closely related to the bone marrow microenvironment.

关键词: acute myeloid leukemia     FGF13     prognosis     immune-related genes     bone marrow niches    

Venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China: a report from the Chinese

《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 518-526 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0958-6

摘要: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Chinese Children’s Cancer Group-ALL-2015 protocol was carried out in China, and epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with VTE were analyzed. We collected data on VTE in a multi-institutional clinical study of 7640 patients with ALL diagnosed in 20 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019. First, VTE occurred in 159 (2.08%) patients, including 90 (56.6%) during induction therapy and 108 (67.92%) in the upper extremities. T-ALL had a 1.74-fold increased risk of VTE (95% CI 1.08–2.8, P = 0.022). Septicemia, as an adverse event of ALL treatment, can significantly promote the occurrence of VTE (P < 0.001). Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) accounted for 75.47% (n = 120); and, symptomatic VTE, 58.49% (n = 93), which was more common in patients aged 12–18 years (P = 0.023), non-CRT patients (P < 0.001), or patients with cerebral thrombosis (P < 0.001). Of the patients with VTE treated with anticoagulation therapy (n = 147), 4.08% (n = 6) had bleeding. The VTE recurrence rate was 5.03% (n = 8). Patients with VTE treated by non-ultrasound-guided venous cannulation (P = 0.02), with residual thrombus (P = 0.006), or with short anticoagulation period (P = 0.026) had high recurrence rates. Thus, preventing repeated venous puncture and appropriately prolonged anticoagulation time can reduce the risk of VTE recurrence.

关键词: acute lymphoblastic leukemia     child     venous thromboembolism     epidemiology     clinical characteristic     risk factor    

expression pattern of mutations coordinated by target repression and promoter hypermethylation in acutemyeloid leukemia

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 627-636 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0815-4

摘要: Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is an essential regulator of normal hematopoiesis. Its dysfunction, caused by either fusions or mutations, is frequently reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, RUNX1 mutations have been largely under-explored compared with RUNX1 fusions mainly due to their elusive genetic characteristics. Here, based on 1741 patients with AML, we report a unique expression pattern associated with RUNX1 mutations in AML. This expression pattern was coordinated by target repression and promoter hypermethylation. We first reanalyzed a joint AML cohort that consisted of three public cohorts and found that RUNX1 mutations were mainly distributed in the Runt domain and almost mutually exclusive with NPM1 mutations. Then, based on RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas AML cohort, we developed a 300-gene signature that significantly distinguished the patients with RUNX1 mutations from those with other AML subtypes. Furthermore, we explored the mechanisms underlying this signature from the transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data, we found that RUNX1 target genes tended to be repressed in patients with RUNX1 mutations. Through the integration of DNA methylation array data, we illustrated that hypermethylation on the promoter regions of RUNX1-regulated genes also contributed to dysregulation in RUNX1-mutated AML. This study revealed the distinct gene expression pattern of RUNX1 mutations and the underlying mechanisms in AML development.

关键词: RUNX1     gene mutation     acute myeloid leukemia     transcriptional repression     DNA methylation    

Early T-cell precursor leukemia: a subtype of high risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

null

《医学前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 416-420 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0224-4

摘要:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia includes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In children, T-ALL usually has a worse prognosis than B-ALL, although childhood T-ALL prognoses have improved remarkably. The varying outcomes among T-ALL cases suggest that an unrecognized biological heterogeneity may contribute to chemo-resistance. Deep exploration of T-lymphocyte development in recent years has found a subgroup of patients with a phenotype that resembles early T-cell precursor, which confers a much poorer prognosis than any other form of T-ALL. This novel subtype of T-ALL was called early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Flow cytometry data from T-ALL patients enrolled in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center between July 2002 and October 2010 were assessed according to Dr. Campana’s protocol. Among total 89 T-ALL cases, 74 cases had enough immunophenotype data available to differentiate between ETP (CD1a-, CD8-, CD5dim, at least one marker of stem cell or myeloid lineage) and non-ETP. From these 74 subjects, 12 ETP-ALL cases (16.2%) were identified. The event-free survival (EFS) rate at 66.8 months was 11.1%±10.1% for ETP-ALL and 57.6%±5.6% for non-ETP-ALL (P=0.003). The overall survival rates were 13.3%±11.0% for ETP-ALL and 64.7%±6.3% for non-ETP-ALL (P=0.002). Our findings demonstrate that early T-cell precursor leukemia is a very high-risk subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with poor prognosis.

关键词: acute lymphoblastic leukemia     early T precursor     prognosis    

ACSL5, a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia, modulates the activity of Wnt/-catenin signaling

《医学前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 685-698 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0942-1

摘要: Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 (ACSL5), is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) family that activates long chain fatty acids by catalyzing the synthesis of fatty acyl-CoAs. The dysregulation of ACSL5 has been reported in some cancers, such as glioma and colon cancers. However, little is known about the role of ACSL5 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We found that the expression of ACSL5 was higher in bone marrow cells from AML patients compared with that from healthy donors. ACSL5 level could serve as an independent prognostic predictor of the overall survival of AML patients. In AML cells, the ACSL5 knockdown inhibited cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the knockdown of ACSL5 suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by suppressing the palmitoylation modification of Wnt3a. Additionally, triacsin c, a pan-ACS family inhibitor, inhibited cell growth and robustly induced cell apoptosis when combined with ABT-199, the FDA approved BCL-2 inhibitor for AML therapy. Our results indicate that ACSL5 is a potential prognosis marker for AML and a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of molecularly stratified AML.

关键词: acute myeloid leukemia     acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5     Wnt3a     palmitoylation     ABT-199    

Diagnosis-related Groups (DRGs)-based payment reform to bring benefits to patient care: A case study of leukemia

Zhi-Ruo ZHANG PhD, Jian-Qing MI MD, Zhao-Jun WEN MA, Sai-Juan CHEN MD, PhD, Zhu CHEN PhD, Long-Jun GU MD, Jing-Yan TANG MD, PhD, Shu-Hong SHEN MD, PhD,

《医学前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 8-15 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0018-5

摘要: China has been undertaking a profound reform on health care. Although more than 1.16 billion people have been covered by rural and urban medical insurance to date, the level of reimbursement from insurance is very limited, especially for critical diseases such as leukemia. This places heavy economic burdens on patients. Under these circumstances, systems innovation is imperative for the efficient utilization of limited funding. In this respect, certain valuable experience from other countries may prove helpful. The prospective payment system of Diagnosis-related Groups (DRGs), Clinical Paths, and the Comparative Effectiveness Analysis adopted by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, UK), can be fine tools to reduce medical costs and improve quality of services. Treatments of acute promyelocytic leukemia at Rui-Jin Hospital, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, can be taken as suitable models to illustrate the crucial role of Clinical Paths in guaranteeing clinical and cost effectiveness of medical services for critical diseases, and to satisfactorily justify the feasibility of DRGs in China.

关键词: healthcare reform     diagnosis-related groups     clinical paths     comparative effectiveness analysis     acute promyelocytic leukemia     childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia    

comparison between CD3/CD19 bispecific and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibodies against B-cell acutelymphoblastic leukemia: targeted immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

《医学前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 139-149 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0835-8

摘要: The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight, and thus its clinical use is limited. Furthermore, multiple trials have shown that approximately 30% of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells. Here, we design and characterize two novel antibodies, A-319 and A-2019. Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular sizes and structures, and A-2019 is a novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibody with an additional anti-CD20 function. Our in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A-319 and A-2019 are potent antitumor agents and capable of recruiting CD3 positive T cells, enhancing T-cell function, mediating B-cell depletion, and eventually inhibiting tumor growth in Raji xenograft models. The two molecules are complementary in terms of efficacy and specificity profile. The activity of A-319 demonstrated superior to that of A-2019, whereas A-2019 has an additional capability to target CD20 in cells missing CD19, suggesting its potential function against CD19 weak or negative CD20 positive leukemic cells.

关键词: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia     bispecific antibody     trispecific antibody     CD19     CD20    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Arsenic in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: current status and future research

null

期刊论文

Predictive values of plasma TNFα and IL-8 for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute promyelocyticleukemia

期刊论文

Current treatment strategy of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Jianqing Mi

期刊论文

network analysis of plasma proteins/metabolites correlated with pathogenesis and therapeutic response in acutepromyelocytic leukemia

期刊论文

Repression of CDKN2C caused by PML/RARα binding promotes the proliferation and differentiation block in acutepromyelocytic leukemia

null

期刊论文

upregulated by PML/RARα fusion protein and promotes plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis and matrix invasion in acutepromyelocytic leukemia

null

期刊论文

Molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia: A diverse disease with new perspectives

Felicitas THOL, Arnold GANSER

期刊论文

BRD4 interacts with PML/RARα in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Qun Luo, Wanglong Deng, Haiwei Wang, Huiyong Fan, Ji Zhang

期刊论文

FGF13 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by regulating bone marrow niches

期刊论文

Venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China: a report from the Chinese

期刊论文

expression pattern of mutations coordinated by target repression and promoter hypermethylation in acutemyeloid leukemia

期刊论文

Early T-cell precursor leukemia: a subtype of high risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

null

期刊论文

ACSL5, a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia, modulates the activity of Wnt/-catenin signaling

期刊论文

Diagnosis-related Groups (DRGs)-based payment reform to bring benefits to patient care: A case study of leukemia

Zhi-Ruo ZHANG PhD, Jian-Qing MI MD, Zhao-Jun WEN MA, Sai-Juan CHEN MD, PhD, Zhu CHEN PhD, Long-Jun GU MD, Jing-Yan TANG MD, PhD, Shu-Hong SHEN MD, PhD,

期刊论文

comparison between CD3/CD19 bispecific and novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibodies against B-cell acutelymphoblastic leukemia: targeted immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

期刊论文